The Antidote to Alpaca Farming

A2 - GREECE & PERSIA ' RELATIONS BETWEEN GREEK CITY-STATES AND PERSIANS CHANGED COMPLETELY AS A RESULT OF THE BATTLE OF MARATHON. ' TO WHAT EXTENT DO THE SOURCES SUPPORT THIS VIEW? Step 1: When I started planning this essay, I made a table showing relations between Greece and Persia before and after the Battle of Marathon. The ' before ' column included things like:  - Darius' earlier expedition to Thrace (513 BC)  - Ionian Revolt and the involvement of Greek allies, specifically Athens and Eritrea (499-493 BC)  - Athens' refusal to take back Hippias, thus rebuking their 'earth and water' pledge to Persia  - Mardonius' expedition (492 BC)  - General attitudes that greek poleis and the Persian empire had towards each other before their first real battle interaction in 490 BC Whereas, the ' after ' column had examples such as:  - Improved Greek unity vs better Persian tactical strategies, suggesting that the attitudes of the...

THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM WHAT WAS THE BACKGROUND TO THIS CONFLICT? o 33 BC : The breakdown of the second Triumvirate was caused by Antony's treatment of Octavia  - he basically disavowed his and Octavian's marriage alliance by openly recognising Cleopatra as his wife  - war between the two was inevitable o Octavian had the upper hand in war propoganda because of his station in Rome  - when the inhabitants of Italian towns and cities swore allegiance to Octavian and his descendants and pledged to support him against his private enemies, the provincials of Sicily, Sardinia, Africa, Spain and Gaul followed suit o 32 BC : Antony's amicii were consuls and they opposed Octavian's demands to read Antony's will  - Antony sent formal notification of his divorce to Octavia o Octavian ensured that Antony's will (which he got from the Vestal Virgins) was made public which horrified the Romans  - recognition Ptolemy Caesar as the true son of Julius Caesar  - ex...

CONTEXT Timeline of the American South ( 1800-1940 ) ~ events that may have influenced Williams ~ o  1812-1815: War of 1812  - known as the 'second war of independence'  - fought between the US and UK over territory  - United States nationalism rose after the victory at the Battle of New Orleans o  1812 Louisiana became a state   o  1861-1865: Civil war    - ‘war of southern independence’  - struggle for the abolishment of slavery o  1874: ‘New South’  -  (Henry W. Grady): was a term used to represent the modernisation of the south. This was due to the impacts of the civil war where the south was still relying on crops with low market prices (e.g. cotton) and was also still very rural. The outcomes of this industrialisation and urbanisation meant slavery was abolished  - shown through the binary opposites of Blanche (Southern Belle) and Stanley (Northern Industrial Working Class...

1st Mithridatic War WHO WAS MITHRIDATES? Valleius Paterculus - 'ever eager for war, of exceptional bravery, always in great spirit and sometimes in achievement, in strategy a general, in bodily prowess a soldier, in hatred to Romans, a Hannibal' o One of the most powerful rulers in Asia - King Mithridates Eupator ( VI ) o Extremely ambitious - gained the throne by murdering his brother & imprisoning his mother o Possessed characteristics of a Hellenistic monarch o Forceful character & exceptional physical strength o Admirer of Greek culture o Ability as a general matched his diplomacy WHAT WAS THE BACKGROUND TO THIS CONFLICT? o Mithridates had already explanded the kingdom of Pontus north of the Black sea o 104 BC : occupied Galatia, Paphlagonia & Cappadocia  - brought him into conflict with rulers friendly to Rome o 96 BC : Sulla ( currently governor of Cilicia ) reinstated the king of Cappadocia & prevented Mithridates establishing an allianc...

SULLA WHAT IS SAID ABOUT HIM? Plutarch, Life of Sulla (31) : ~ Quote from Metellus on Proscriptions ~ ' "We are not asking you," he said, "to pardon those whom you have decided to kill; all we ask is that you should free from suspense those whom you have decided not to kill" ' Velleius Paterculus : ~ on Tribunes ~ 'Anyone of reputation or birth shunned the office thereafter' 'He left the tribunican power a shadow without substance' Plutarch, Life of Sulla (33) : ~ on Imperium ~ ( 81 BC ) 'A decree was passed giving him immunity for all his past acts, while for the future he was to have the power of life and death, the power to confiscate property, to found colonies, to found new cities or to demolish existing ones, to take away or bestow kingdoms at his pleasure' WHAT WERE HIS MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS? o Cursus Honorum  - redraft of the lex Villia Annalis (senator could not hold same office twice in 10 years) o Se...